Abstract The Alfeu-I lamproite is one of the few alkaline rock occurrences in the South of Brazil that represents the alkaline event related to the South Atlantic opening and the enormous magmatic activity that formed the Paraná basalts. Alfeu-I lamproite is a diatreme facies and exhibits an inequigranular texture with macrocrysts of mica, spinel, garnet, and ilmenite and microcrysts of mica, pyroxene, and rare olivine, all immersed in a groundmass of pyroxene, spinel, perovskite, rutile, ilmenite, and, more rarely, olivine. Major element compositions of Alfeu-I pyroxene, garnet, ilmenite, mica, and olivine were determined by electron microprobe analyses, and trace element concentrations of clinopyroxene, garnet, ilmenite, and mica were measured using laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques. Temperature, pressure, and oxygen fugacity (fO2) conditions during the crystallization of Alfeu-I lamproite were calculated with the geothermobarometers and olivine, spinel, garnet, and orthopyroxene. The resulting mean equilibrium temperature ranges from 1375°C at 4 GPa to 1395°C at 5 GPa, whereas the fO2 points to ΔFMQ = +2.4 (at 4 GPa) and ΔFMQ = +2.2 (at 5 GPa). Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic data together with the trace element concentrations of minerals suggest that melting of a mantle source enriched in incompatible elements and volatiles due to previous subduction events occurred during the Gondwana breakup around 125 Ma ago. Fluids that may have originated from subducting slabs in the old subduction zone are probably the cause of the high fO2 conditions in Alfeu-I lamproite.

Abstract Trace elements provide crucial information about the origin and evolution of the Earth. One common issue regarding their analyses is the reduced analyte recovery during hot plate acid digestion for some geological samples. To overcome this, alkali fluxes (e.g., Lithium borate) have been used to produce an homogeneous synthetic glass that can be used then for both X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). In this sense, we developed a method for LA-ICP-MS whole rock trace element analyses in glasses prepared by mixing high-purity sodium tetraborate and rock powders at high-temperature. We selected six international reference materials including peridotite (JP-1), basalt (BRP-1), kimberlite (SARM-39), pyroxenite (NIM-P), diorite (DR-N) and andesite (JA-1). Glasses were produced in a fully automatic fusion machine with step heating. Run products analyses were carried out on a Thermo® Element2 SF-ICP-MS coupled to a New Wave Research® Nd:YAG (213 nm) laser ablation system and on a Thermo® Element XR ICP-MS coupled to an Analyte G2 (193 nm) LA system. Results show that glasses are homogeneous and there is good agreement (generally > 90%) between our data and literature values for most trace elements, including large ion lithophile elements (LILE), high-field strength elements (HFSE) and rare-earth elements (REE).

Abstract The analysis of trace elements (TE) in geological materials is a valuable tool to understand geological processes, including studies in geochemistry and petrology. Among the methods applied to determine TE, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) detects TE contents in the μg/g and ng/g range. The aim of this paper is to validate, at Laboratório de Geologia Isotópica (LGI) — Centro de Estudos em Petrologia e Geoquímica/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (CPGq/UFRGS), a high-precision method for LA-ICP-MS analyses of TE in geological materials. Samples used in this work were reference Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie — Dingwell (MPI-DING) glasses. The method is used in tandem with the Electron Probe Microanalyzer — Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EPMA-WDS) technique to determine the major and minor elements of the samples and check for homogeneity. Analyses were conducted in a Thermo® Element2 Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) coupled to a New Wave Research® Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) (213nm) laser ablation system. 43Ca and 29Si were used as internal standards (IS). Glitter® software and in-house spreadsheets were utilized for reduction treatments. The results using 29Si as IS present a high degree of fractionation errors compared to the results using 43Ca. Uncertainties caused by matrix interferences and fractionation effects can be corrected applying a correction factor. The obtained results demonstrate an effective recovery of TE content for the analyzed reference materials. Moreover, these silicate glasses proved to be robust to create an internal database of matrix matching standards in routine silicate analyses.

RESUMO: Novas idades obtidas por meio do método U-Pb em zircão e dados isotópicos Sm-Nd-Pb são apresentados para as rochas vulcânicas e hipabssais ácidas da exposição mais setentrional da Formação Acampamento Velho na porção NW do Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense, Brasil. O primeiro episódio vulcânico, agrupado nos riolitos alto-Ti do Cerro Tupanci, possui idades de 579 ± 5,6 Ma, o que está de acordo com dados da literatura para o vulcanismo pós-colisional da Formação Acampamento Velho na Bacia do Camaquã. Idades de 558 +/- 39 Ma foram obtidas para o grupo de riolitos baixo-Ti no Cerro dos Picados, o que pode indicar um episódio vulcânico mais recente ou um período de tempo maior para o vulcanismo da Formação Acampamento Velho no Sul do Brasil, embora o grau de incerteza nos dados seja alto. Em relação às fontes magmáticas, os dados isotópicos de Sm-Nd acoplados a isótopos de Pb e uma revisão da geoquímica de elementos-traço indicam diferentes graus de fusão de crosta inferior paleoproterozoica (Suíte Dom Feliciano, Pinheiro Machado) a neoproterozoica (Terreno Rio Vacacaí). Os dados apresentados neste estudo, quando analisados em conjunto com dados da literatura, contribuem para a melhor compreensão da evolução estratigráfica das sucessões vulcânicas neoproterozoicas pós-colisionais da Bacia do Camaquã no Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense.

ABSTRACT: We present new U-Pb zircon ages and Sm-Nd-Pb isotopic data for volcanic and hypabyssal acid rocks from the northernmost exposure of the Acampamento Velho Formation in the NW portion of the Sul-Rio-Grandense Shield, Brazil. The first volcanic episode, grouped in the high-Ti rhyolites from the Tupanci hill, shows age of 579 ± 5.6 Ma, which is in agreement with the post-collisional Acampamento Velho Formation volcanism in the Bom Jardim Group of the Camaquã Basin. A poorly constrained age of 558 +/- 39 Ma was obtained for rhyolites from the low-Ti group at the Picados Hill, which may indicate a younger acid volcanism, or a greater time span for the volcanism of the Acampamento Velho Formation in southernmost Brazil. Regarding magmatic sources, Sm/Nd isotopic data coupled to Pb isotopes and a review of trace element geochemistry indicate different amounts of Paleoproterozoic (Dom Feliciano, Pinheiro Machado Suite) to Neoproterozoic (Rio Vacacaí terrane) lower crust melting. Our data, coupled with literature data, contribute to a better understanding of the stratigraphic evolution for the Neoproterozoic post-collisional volcanic successions of the Camaquã Basin in the Sul-Rio-Grandense Shield.

RESUMOReações diagenéticas, caracterizadas pela dissolução e precipitação de minerais a baixas temperaturas, controlam a qualidade de rochas sedimentares como reservatórios de hidrocarbonetos. A modelagem geoquímica, ferramenta utilizada para compreender os processos diagenéticos, é feita através de códigos computacionais com base em parâmetros termodinâmicos e cinéticos. Em um estudo comparativo, foram reproduzidas as reações diagenéticas observadas nos arenitos-reservatório do Campo de Snorre, Mar do Norte Norueguês. Essas reações já haviam sido previamente modeladas na literatura com uso do código DISSOL-THERMAL. Neste estudo, modelamos reações diagenéticas de reservatórios usando os códigos Geochemist's Workbench (GWB) e TOUGHREACT, com base em um modelo de convecção-difusão-reação e nos parâmetros termodinâmicos e cinéticos compilados para cada reação. A modelagem com TOUGHREACT e DISSOL-THERMAL mostrou dissolução de quartzo, feldspato potássico e plagioclásio em uma faixa de temperatura similar de 25 a 80°C. Em contraste, a modelagem com GWB mostrou dissolução de albita, plagioclásio e illita, bem como precipitação de quartzo, feldspato potássico e caulinita na mesma faixa de temperatura. As modelagens geradas pelos diferentes códigos para as temperaturas de 100, 120 e 140°C mostraram semelhanças na dissolução de quartzo, feldspato potássico, plagioclásio e caulinita, mas diferiram na precipitação de albita e illita. Em temperaturas de 150 e 160°C, os resultados do GWB e TOUGHREACT produziram valores diferentes do DISSOL-THERMAL, exceto para a dissolução de quartzo, plagioclásio e caulinita. O estudo comparativo permite escolher o software de modelagem numérica cujos resultados estão mais próximos das reações diagenéticas observadas na análise petrográfica dos reservatórios modelados.

ABSTRACTDiagenetic reactions, characterized by the dissolution and precipitation of minerals at low temperatures, control the quality of sedimentary rocks as hydrocarbon reservoirs. Geochemical modeling, a tool used to understand diagenetic processes, is performed through computer codes based on thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. In a comparative study, we reproduced the diagenetic reactions observed in Snorre Field reservoir sandstones, Norwegian North Sea. These reactions had been previously modeled in the literature using DISSOL-THERMAL code. In this study, we modeled the diagenetic reactions in the reservoirs using Geochemist's Workbench (GWB) and TOUGHREACT software, based on a convective-diffusive-reactive model and on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters compiled for each reaction. TOUGHREACT and DISSOL-THERMAL modeling showed dissolution of quartz, K-feldspar and plagioclase in a similar temperature range from 25 to 80°C. In contrast, GWB modeling showed dissolution of albite, plagioclase and illite, as well as precipitation of quartz, K-feldspar and kaolinite in the same temperature range. The modeling generated by the different software for temperatures of 100, 120 and 140°C showed similarly the dissolution of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and kaolinite, but differed in the precipitation of albite and illite. At temperatures of 150 and 160°C, GWB and TOUGHREACT produced different results from the DISSOL-THERMAL, except for the dissolution of quartz, plagioclase and kaolinite. The comparative study allows choosing the numerical modeling software whose results are closer to the diagenetic reactions observed in the petrographic analysis of the modeled reservoirs.